The Environmental Technology Division (ETD) at CSIR-NIIST tackles critical environmental challenges by developing cutting-edge technologies and offering tailored services to meet the diverse needs of industrial sectors across the country.

This division stands out for its interdisciplinary team of experts, comprising chemical and environmental engineers, chemists, microbiologists, biotechnologists and environmental scientists.

The state-of-the-art NABL/NABET-accredited laboratories and advanced facilities, including pilot plant setups, which collectively ensure excellence in research and innovation." CSIR-NIIST has been granted EIC/FSSAI-NABL integrated accreditation up to 2026 for the testing of contaminants including Dioxin like POPs and heavy metals in various food, feed, water and environmental matrices.

This is the first and only laboratory in the country accredited with NABL for measurement of odour in ambient air.

  • Prospective students can join this division for Ph.D. research, MSc/M.Tech projects & Internship.
  • Periodically this division organizes various Skill development & Training programmes.

The environmental Technology Division focuses on three core domains

  1. Environment Clean up Technologies.
  2. Environment Management & Geospatial Modelling.
  3. Dioxins Research & Risk Assessment.
  1. Environment Clean up Technologies

    Renowned for its robust knowledge base and expertise, the division excels in cutting-edge biological treatment systems, with a particular focus on anaerobic microbial processes. Many of the breakthrough technologies from the NIIST ETD have been licensed to multiple companies and are actively operational across various industrial sites, delivering impactful results on the ground.

    This vertical specializes in comprehensive waste management solutions, covering

    A. Solid waste treatment
    B. Liquid waste (effluents and drinking water) Treatment, and
    C. Gas purification (odour control).

    A. Solid Waste Treatment:

    Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion: A unique Bio-methanation process, where the TS content of the input material (like food waste) is >15%. Compared with the conventional biogas plants in India (wet anaerobic digestion process), the solid-state AD process has many advantages like compact size, very low water footprint (no water mixing with waste), high biogas yield, less discharge slurry etc. NIIST has major implementations of the technology like the Trivandrum International Airport.

    Bio-drying Technology for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW): The Bio-drying or Biological-Mechanical-Treatment (BMT) technology is an innovative approach for treating high-moisture containing municipal solid waste (MSW) to make it suitable for waste-to-energy (WTE) applications. The process handles mixed MSW, including organic compounds, plastics, waste clothes, and paper, in a scientific and efficient manner.

    A lab-scale (110 kg/batch capacity) studies were completed and the results are highly encouraging for the treatment of MSW under Indian conditions.

    Highlights of NIIST Technology

    ●  Advanced energy/resource recovery technology compliant with SWM 2016.
    ●  Improves efficiency, shortens processing time, and recovers RDF, oil, metals, and biosolids.
    ●  Fully enclosed, leachate-free system with odor control via bio-filtration.
    ●  Reduces GHG emissions, enhances air quality, and mitigates climate change impacts.

    Solid waste

    Lab scale unit for handling MSW 110 kg/batch

    Recovering high value products from Agro Residues: Recovering high value products from agro residues like waste banana stem, pineapple leaf, coconut husk, etc. Through bio-augmenation, recovering high value products like natural fibre, bioenergy and organic manure.

    STP Secondary Sludge/Faecal Sludge Treatment: Detailed study on the treatment of STP secondary sludge as well as fresh faecal sludge. More emphasis on assessing the pathogen load, AMR and Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the bio-solids and their effective treatment to recover bioenergy and organic manure.

    Aerobic Composting of Organic Wastes: Aerobic composting of organic waste is one of the recommended methods as per Solid waste management rule 2016 of GOI. NIIST has developed a biomedium named JAIVAM which can accelerate the composting process, and will recover high quality organic manure from the organic wastes.

    B. Liquid Waste Treatment:

    Anaerobic Treatment Technology for Complex Organic wastewater: BFBR is a unique technology developed by NIIST ETD. This US patented technology is particularly developed for addressing high suspended solid (non-settling) containing wastewater. Recently NIIST commissioned one model ETP at one of the Desiccated Coconut Industries in Kasaragod, Kerala.

    ETP

    Model ETP at Desiccated Coconut Industries in Kasaragod, Kerala

    Bio-Electro-Chemical (BEC) system for Hydrogen recovery from wastewater: Recovering Green hydrogen from organic wastewater through a specially designed BEC system. A pilot plant demonstration facility is currently operational in NIIST campus.

    Decentralized / Onsite Wastewater Treatment system: NIIST has developed a unique Modular Onsite wastewater treatment technology named NOWA for the onsite treatment of wastewater. This technology is already approved by Kerala Suchitwa Mission and few companies have already licensed the technology and field units are working at different industrial sites.

    Bio-Remediation Technology for Perchlorate: Perchlorate is a toxic oxy-anion (ClO4-) known to cause hypothyroidism in human. It is used mainly in space R&D, strategic sector and many industries including cracker/match box making units. NIIST has developed a bioprocess (US patented) for detoxifying the contaminant, converting into non-toxic chloride any oxygen. The technology already implemented at field for generating potable water from contaminated ground water at Keezhmad in Aluva, Ernakulum, Kerala.

    C. Gaseous Waste Treatment (Gas biofilter Technology) for Odour Control:

    Olfactometry for odour measurements
    The dynamic olfactometer measures odour concentration using human sensory response, following international standards like EN 13725. Odorous air samples are collected in inert bags, diluted with odour-free air, and presented to trained panelists, who identify detection thresholds where odour is perceptible to at least 50% of them. Odour concentration is expressed in odour units per cubic meter (OU/m³).
    Statistical analysis ensures reliable, standardized results for assessing odour impact, optimizing control systems, and meeting regulatory requirements. As India’s first NABL-accredited lab for ambient air odour measurement, CSIR-NIIST provides precise, globally compliant assessments for environmental and industrial applications.

    Odour

    Odour measurement through Dynamic Olfactometry

    Odour control biofilter technology
    CSIR-NIIST is the pioneer in odour control in the country employing a proprietary gas bio-filter technology which makes use of indigenous and locally available materials such as coir fibre and coir pith for odour control (US pat. 6,696,284). Odour control systems comprising gas bio filters developed at CSIR-NIIST have been successfully installed at several places such as fishmeal factories, fish stalls, crushed bone processing industries, waste treatment plants etc. The proprietary technology of CSIR-NIIST is easily adaptable according to the type of pollution caused by various industrial processes, with necessary customization

  2. Environment Management & Geospatial Modelling

    The Environmental Management and Geospatial Modeling Group at the Environmental Technology Division (ETD) addresses various environmental challenges and provides solutions across multiple sectors. Its key activities include:

    A. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): CSIR-NIIST is a QCI-NABET accredited EIA consultant, recognized for its expertise across five sectors: mining of minerals, ports, harbors, breakwaters and jetties, mineral beneficiation, building and construction projects, and township and area development. NIIST has successfully provided services to major government organizations, including IREL (India) Ltd., Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd., and the Kerala Maritime Board.

    IREL

    B. Geospatial Modeling and Analysis: Geospatial analysis and modeling is a key activity within the ETD, aligning with the national geospatial policy approved by the Government of India. This work supports land use/land cover analysis, environmental management planning, and route optimization. The facility is also used for thermal remote sensing of municipal solid waste to assess land surface temperatures. Geospatial modeling of the thermal environment is employed to measure greenhouse gas emission factors. The activity is also being used for the sustainable management of sediment resources and widely used for projects related to river sand mining.

    Geospatial

    C. Waste Inventories: The Environmental Management and Geospatial Modeling Group plays a pivotal role in conducting regional waste inventories, including e-waste and plastic waste. The group successfully completed an e-waste inventory for the state of Kerala and the Lakshadweep Islands ecosystem. Additionally, the group contributes to environmental assessment studies that do not require formal environmental clearance.

    e-waste

    D. Knowledge dissemination: The group regularly conducts courses on "Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Applications in Environmental Impact Assessment and Management." It has successfully held five consecutive courses from 2019 to 2024.
    Through these activities, the group significantly contributes to environmental sustainability and the management of ecological resources.

  3. Dioxins Research & Risk Assessment
    Dioxin

    CSIR-NIIST has established India’s first dioxin research facility under the DSIR-CRTDH project, addressing the country’s previous lack of capabilities in dioxin research and monitoring. The facility has validated critical processes, including sampling, extraction, clean-up, and isotopic dilution mass spectrometric (GC-MS/MS) quantification, earning NABL accreditation under ISO/IEC 17025:2017. It is also the first in India to validate GC-MS/MS-based analysis of dioxins and PCBs per EU 644/2017 regulations.
    Recommended by the MoEF&CC for environmental clearances in sectors like waste incineration and shipbreaking, the facility uses automated systems and advanced GC-MS/MS analysis to reduce cost and time. Recognized as a National Reference Laboratory by FSSAI in 2023, CSIR-NIIST holds integrated NABL/EIC/FSSAI accreditation for dioxins, PCBs, heavy metals, and contaminants in food and feed matrices.

    Advanced Research on Dioxins & POPs in Areas like-

    A. Source emission assessment and formation pathways

    NIIST, tasked with inventorizing unintentional POPs in India, has established test facilities for simulated open burning and incinerator emissions, generating national emission factors for dioxins and PCBs (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114109). The team studies formation pathways, spatio-temporal trends, and air pollution modeling to define optimal technologies and emission control measures, minimizing environmental and health impacts.
    Monitoring efforts focus on key emission sectors, including BMWI, HWI, WtE plants, dumpsites (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-021-00450-4), cement co-processing, secondary metal processing, pulp and paper industries, and E-waste/plastic recycling, to assess trends and develop mitigation strategies (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117004).

    POP

    Open Burning Test Facility (Left) and Testing of small Incinerators (RIght)

    B. Exposure health risk assessment studies

    Over 90% of human exposure to dioxins and PCBs occurs through food, particularly lipid-rich animal products like fish, milk, eggs, and meat. Understanding bioaccumulation and magnification trends, especially near emission sources, is crucial (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122161). Foraging animal-based food products also serve as passive indicators of contamination (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142078).
    The team investigates contaminant fate at the environment-biota interface, trophic transfer rates, and biotransformation pathways. Expertise in environmental health and toxicology has led to the development of risk assessment models, systematic reviews, meta-analyses (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12690-3), and ecotoxicological tests using earthworms and plants. Human biomonitoring studies, such as breast milk analysis, are also underway.

    PCB

    Ongoing studies on emerging contaminants

    The division is keen to explore the analytical and technological challenges in the quantification and process control/ innovative removal strategies for emerging environmental contaminants such as Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS), Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) such as veterinary and antibiotic drug residues, phthalates, plasticizers, microplastics, heavy metals, volatile organic compounds such as HCHO, BTEX etc.
    State of the art facilities such as ICP-MS, LC-MS/MS, GC-ECD/NPD/FPD, TOC analyzer, Ion Chromatography etc have been installed at the laboratory to cater these emerging contaminants.

Ongoing Major Research/Projects
  1. Field implementation of BFBR technology based model ETP for Desiccated coconut industries:

    The ETP (60 Cub M/day) will recover biogas and reuse quality water from used water. The model ETP was inaugurated on Sept 02, 2024 at Vittal Agro Industries, Kasaragode. Project was fully funded by DST and supported by KSPCB, CDB, DSIR, Vittal Agro Industries and Galaxy Enviro Pvt Ltd.

  2. Gap analysis including review and update on Biomedical Waste Management in Kerala State:

    Kerala State Pollution Control Board has entrusted CSIR-NIIST to review and update the biomedical waste management in Kerala. The study evaluates strengths, weaknesses, and gaps in waste management at Health Care Facilities (HCFs) across 14 districts, including government, private, and cooperative sectors. Data was collected from hospitals, nursing homes, AYUSH centers, blood banks, clinics, labs, veterinary institutions, and animal houses.
    The objective is to assess current practices and align them with the Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016. Findings from state-wide surveys will guide policy planning for regulators and stakeholders.

  3. CSIR- Fundamental and Innovative Research in Science of Tomorrow (FIRST)
    Title: Next Generation Urban Air Quality Management via Photocatalytic Coatings: System Development, Efficiency Assessment and Novel Formulation Design (Rs. 72 Lakhs) (2023- 2025)

    Nano-TiO2 enhances photocatalytic oxidation of air pollutants like NOx and VOCs, but current methods (ISO 22197-1:2007) rely on artificial UV light and ignore real-world conditions like sunlight and air movement. This study proposes a solar-powered, continuous-flow photocatalytic reactor to evaluate pollutant removal under realistic conditions, advancing nano-TiO2 coatings for ambient air quality improvement, in collaboration with industrial partner KMML.

  4. Global Environmental Facility- United Nations Environmental Programme (GEF-UNEP) project - Review & Update of National Implementation Plan on POPs. (Rs. 184.844 Lakhs) (2023 -2027)

    CSIR-NIIST has been assigned by MoEFCC to generate source level emission data, national annual inventory, identifying BAT/BEP approaches & devising implementation roadmap, creating awareness/training workshops etc to address the existing and newly added unintentionally emitted POPs (U- POPs). The present list of U-POPs comprises of dioxin-like POPs (7 Nos of PCDDs, 10 PCDFs, 12 dl-PCBs), Hexachlorobenzene (HCBz), Pentachlorobenzene (PeCBz), Polychlorinated naphthalene (PCNs - 8 Nos) and Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD). Hence a total of 7 classes of U-POPs will be addressed.

  5. CSIR-Hydrogen Technology Mission (H2T)

    Title: Design and Development of a Novel Bio-Electrochemical Reactor for Bio-Hydrogen (Green H2) Production (Rs. 75.20 Lakhs) (FY: 2022-2025)

    Fossil fuel combustion causes environmental issues, making hydrogen a promising clean energy source due to its high efficiency and non-polluting nature. Biological hydrogen production from renewable waste is a viable alternative. Using wastewater for hydrogen production can lower waste treatment and disposal costs. A bio-electrochemical (BEC) process is under development in this project.

  6. E-waste Inventorization for Union Territory of Lakshdweep

    CSIR-NIIST is conducting an E-waste inventory in Lakshadweep, covering all inhabited islands through field surveys of households and government departments.
    The study addresses electronic items listed in the E-Waste Management Rules, 2022, and will aid the administration in developing an environmental management plan for future E-waste generation.

  7. DST-CSIR collaborative project on waste management

    Title: Development of A Clean Sustainable MSW Technology: 10 TPB pilot plant for Management of Municipal Solid Waste (Rs. 510.77 Lakhs) (FY: 2023-2026)

    Worldwide solid waste generation is nearly 1.3 billion tonnes/year, whereas in India 62 million tonnes of solid waste is generated per year by 1.35 billion people. The accumulation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a grave matter of concern for the country in the present time. This project aims at developing sustainable technology for MSW and recovery of energy/value added products out of it. The technology involves Biological Mechanical Treatment (BMT) to dry mixed waste by biologically generated heat termed as Biodrying.

  8. CSIR Fast Track Translation (FTT) Project No 1:

    Development and demonstration of a high spatio temporal resolution UAV-aided GHG monitoring system for Municipal Solid Waste Management.

    In this project the emission of major GHG emissions were monitored at MSW dumping sites using advanced tools and techniques.

  9. CSIR Fast Track Translation (FTT) Project No 2:

    Title: Customizable Odour Control Solutions: Development and Demonstration of Biological (Biofilter) and Advanced Ozone-Based Technologies for Managing Obnoxious Odours for Community Applications (Rs. 100 Lakhs NIIST component) (FY: 2024-2026)

    Odour pollution from poultry farms, rendering units, and fishmeal factories is a significant issue in unregulated small-scale sectors. CSIR-NIIST’s patented gas bio-filter technology (US Pat. 6,696,284) uses local materials and has been successfully implemented in various industries. This project aims to collaborate with LSGDs to identify sources, design odour control systems, and deploy and evaluate them for effective mitigation.

  10. Assessment of the AIR Pollution Load and Emission in Old and Modern Plywood Manufacturing units in Kerala

    Plywood, made from wood veneers and adhesives, is widely used in construction but emits VOCs, causing indoor air pollution and environmental impacts. KSPCB has tasked NIIST with assessing emissions from old and modern plywood units in Kerala.

Technologies:

The following technologies are available with the division for licensing.

  1. Gas-biofilter Technology for Odour Control: Finds application for industries emitting toxic chemicals (like VOCs) and foul smell containing off gases. Major targeted industries are fish & bone meal factories, plywood making units, paint booths, gelatin factories, petrochemical industries, pharma units, STPs and MSW dumping sites,etc.
  2. BFBR Technology for High strength wastewater treatment: This is an anaerobic wastewater treatment technology, especially for high suspended organics (Fat/Oil). This technology will recover biogas and reuse water from the wastewater. This may find application for Common ETPs, Ice-cream factories, RIce Mills.
  3. Solid-State Biogas Technology: This is a unique anaerobic digestion process (Biogas technology) which has many advantages compared with the conventional most common wet anaerobic digestion. Compact size, water-less operation, high biogas yield (~200 L/kg), less discharge slurry, etc. are some of the highlights of this technology. This technology is approved by Kerala State Suchitwa Mission.
  4. NOWA, Modular Onsite wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery Unit: This is decentralized (Onsite) wastewater treatment technology designed for recovering reuse quality water, biogas and organic manure from wastewater. Compared with existing technologies like MBBR, MBR, SBR, DEWATS, etc. this has many advantages. This technology is approved by Kerala State Suchitwa Mission.
  5. JAIVAM, a Biomedium for Organic-waste Composting: Jaivam is a bio-medium with a constituted bacterial consortium and a supporting medium that can accelerate aerobic composting of organic wastes. All the bacteria in the consortium are genetically identified, expressing key enzymes for organic degradation, proved safe to handle.
  6. Perchlorate Bio-Remediation Technology: Perchlorate is an Endocrine disrupting chemical used in Arms & Ammunition, Space R&D, and many industries including Cracker making, Flare, Match box making etc. NIIST US/EU patented technology using a proprietary microbial system and engineered process unit will decontaminate perchlorate into non-toxic chloride and oxygen.
    Perchlorate contaminated water, soil and other matrices can be decontaminated with this technology. This technology is already field implemented for ground water remediation.
  7. Greywater Treatment and Reuse System: The NOWA (anaerobic) Integrated greywater treatment and reuse system will find wide application for community level greywater treatment and reuse. This technology is already implemented in the field.
Testing & Validation Services

The NIIST Environment Technology Division is providing different testing and validation services for industries and agencies. The major activities under this title include -

  1. NABL Accredited Testing and Analysis Facility

    CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram has achieved the prestigious EIC/FSSAI-NABL Integrated Accreditation for the testing of quality parameters as well as contaminants including Dioxin like POPs and heavy metals in various food, feed, water and environmental matrices. CSIR-NIIST is the first and only laboratory in the country accredited with NABL for measurement of odour in ambient air. The accreditation, valid from 18th October 2024 to 17th October 2026, underscores the institute's commitment to maintaining the highest standards in testing, quality, and compliance in accordance with national and international benchmarks. With this achievement, CSIR-NIIST continues to enhance its credibility and reliability as a leading research and testing laboratory.

    Overall scope of NABL accreditation:

    https://nabl7t.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/NablCertificate/Scope-113227-TC-14725-1734944451.pdf
  2. Biodegradability Testing for Bioplastics/plastics:

    CSIR-NIIST is one of the Nodal agencies identified by Kerala State Pollution Control Board for the testing and validation of Biodegradable Plastics.

  3. Testing of Microbial Inoculum for composting of organic waste:

    CSIR-NIIST is one of the Nodal agencies identified by Kerala Suchitwa Mission for testing and validation of Microbial inoculum samples for aerobic composting of organic wastes.

  4. Testing and Validation of OWC units:

    CSIR-NIIST will undertake the testing and validation of OWC (Organic Waste Converter) units. The test report is one of the requirements for getting approval from the government bodies.

  5. Emission Testing for Incinerators:

    Several MSMEs are engaged in the design and fabrication of small/medium scale incinerators for sanitary waste management as well as for apartments, convention centres etc. As per CPCB guidelines, all these incinerators need to be tested for dioxins and furans against the regulatory levels of 0.1 ng TEQ/Nm3 at 11 % O2 condition. CSIR- NIIST possess the unique facilities and expertise to carry out such kind of customized testing requirements on chargeable basis

  6. Testing and Validation of Wastewater Treatment units:

    CSIR-NIIST will undertake the testing and validation of wastewater treatment units (STPs, ETPs, etc.).
    Any enquiry for testing and validation may be routed through NIIST Analytical/Testing Service Unit https://www.niist.res.in/testing-and-analysis

Contact: 471-2515477 / 2515439 E-Mail: chandra[at]niist[dot]res[dot]in

Major Facilities:
  1. GC-ECD/NPD/FPD, LC-MS/MS (SCIEX 5500) for DIOXINs, POPs, etc. various environmental, water/wastewater and sludge sample analysis.
    GC1 GC2
  2. ICP-MS (Thermo Scientific): For heavy metal analysis
    ICP
  3. Ion Chromatographic system (Dionex ICS 5000)
    ICS
  4. Continuous Flow Analyzer (CFA) : for Environmental, Water/Wastewater sample analysis for multiple parameters simultaneously.
  5. Total Organic Carbon Analyzer (Analytik Jena MULTI N/C 3100)
  6. GC, Micro-GC (Agilent)
  7. RT-PCR (Biorad)
  8. Fluorescent & Stereo Microscope (Leica)

Scientist

Dr.Krishnakumar B

Dr.Krishnakumar B

Chief Scientist & Head
  • 0471-2515291, 0471-2947068
  • krishna[at]niist[dot]res[dot]in
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Dr Kesavachandran C

Dr Kesavachandran C

Chief Scientist
  • 0471-2515387
  • ckchandran[at]niist[dot]res[dot]in, ckesavachandran[at]gmail[dot]com
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Dr.Abdul Haleem B

Dr.Abdul Haleem B

Principal Scientist
  • 0471-2515224, 0471-2515262
  • haleem[at]niist[dot]res[dot]in, babdulhaleem[at]yahoo[dot]com
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Dr.Partha Kundu

Dr.Partha Kundu

Principal Scientist
  • 0471-2515262
  • kundu[at]niist[dot]res[dot]in
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Dr.Prathish K P

Dr.Prathish K P

Principal Scientist
  • 0471-2515340
  • prathishkp[at]niist[dot]res[dot]in
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Dr.Shermi C

Dr.Shermi C

Senior Scientist
  • 0471-2515387
  • shermi[at]niist[dot]res[dot]in, shermicbri[at]gmail[dot]com
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Sri.Saurabh Sakhre

Sri.Saurabh Sakhre

Senior Scientist
  • 0471-2515387
  • saurabh[at]niist[dot]res[dot]in
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Mr.Dhani Babu T

Mr.Dhani Babu T

Senior Scientist
  • 0471-2515262
  • dhanibabu[at]niist[dot]res[dot]in
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Dr.Akshay Dilip Shende

Dr.Akshay Dilip Shende

Senior Scientist
  • 0471-2515262
  • ad[dot]shende[at]niist[dot]res[dot]in
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Mr.Sravanth Tangellamudi

Mr.Sravanth Tangellamudi

Scientist
  • 0471-2515387
  • sravantht[at]niist[dot]res[dot]in
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Dr.Knawang Chhunji Sherpa

Dr.Knawang Chhunji Sherpa

Scientist
  • 0471-2515279
  • kcsherpa[at]niist[dot]res[dot]in
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Sri Shajikumar V K

Sri Shajikumar V K

Senior Technical Officer (3)
  • 0471-2515284
  • shajikumar[at]niist[dot]res[dot]in
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Dr Joshy George

Dr Joshy George

Senior Technical Officer (2)
  • 0471-2515379
  • joshygeo[at]niist[dot]res[dot]in
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Smt Saharuba P M

Smt Saharuba P M

Senior Technical Officer (2)
  • 0471-2515274
  • saharuba[at]niist[dot]res[dot]in
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Ms. Meenu V. Baby

Ms. Meenu V. Baby

Technical Assistant
  • meenuvbaby[at]niist[dot]res[dot]in
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Athul K

Athul K

Technical Assistant
  • athulk[at]niist[dot]res[dot]in
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